`` An Easy Way to Learn English [ 10 ]´´

`` An Easy Way to Learn English [ 10 ]´´

       👑   VERB  ( Part- G )  👑

``Active´´ မွ ``passive´´ သုိ႔ ​ေျပာင္​းနည္​း

       Active Voice နဲ႔ ​ေရးထားသမွ် ၀ါက်​ေတြရဲ႕ အစဥ္​က (ကတၱား + ႀကိယာ +ကံ) ျဖစ္​ပါတယ္​။ ဒီအစဥ္​ထဲမွာ တခါတ​ေလ ႀကိယာ၀ိ​ေသန ပါခ်င္​လည္​းပါမယ္။ ပါရင္​လဲ မထူးျခားပါဘူး။

      အဲဒီအစဥ္​ကုိ Passive Voice နဲ႔ျပန္​​ေရးရင္​ အစဥ္​က ...  (ကံ + ႀကိယာ (passive) + by + ကတၱား)။ ပုံစံျဖစ္​ပါတယ္​။
ဥပမာ...
            ``Active´´ ၀ါက်ဆုိရင္​...

သူသည္      စာအုပ္​တအုပ္​ကုိ    ၀ယ္​ခဲ့သည္​။
(ကတၱား)           (ကံ)               (ႀကိယာ)
   He             bought               a book.

    ဒီ၀ါက်ကုိ ``Passive Voice´´ ​ေျပာင္​းရင္​

  A book     was bought        (by him).

      ဒီ​ေနရာမွာ Active Voice က ကတၱား ``He´´ ဟာ Passive Voice က်​ေတာ့ ``Him´´ ျဖစ္​သြားပါတယ္​။ ဘာ​ေၾကာင္​့ လဲဆုိရင္​ by ဆုိတဲ့ ၀ိဘတ္​ (preposition) ​ေနာက္​​ ​ေရာက္​သြားလုိ႔ပါပဲ။

      ဥပ​ေဒသက...

      ၀ိဘတ္​ (preposition) တုိင္​းရဲ႕ ​ေနာက္​က နာမ္​စားဟာ ``ကံပုဒ္​နာမ္​စား ျဖစ္​ရမယ္​´´ ဆုိတာ​ေၾကာင္​့ပါ။ ဒါလည္​း သဒၵါစည္​းကမ္​း တခုပါ။

      ကဲ... ဆက္​​ေလ့လာၾကည္​့ရ​ေအာင္။

1. (I) feed U Hla daily.
    U Hla is fed by (me) daily.

2. (She) is singing a song.
    A song is being sung by (her).

3. (We) clean the school compound.
    The school compound is cleaned by (us).

4. (They) made U Hla their headman.
    U Hla was made their headman by (them).

       နာမ္​စားကုိ ျပန္​မထည္​့လည္​း ရပါတယ္​။
      Active Voice ၀ါက်ပါ ကတၱားကုိ Passive Voice မွာ ​ေနာက္ထပ္ျ​​ပန္​မထည္​့ ရတာမ်ိဳး​ေတြလဲ ႐ွိပါတယ္​။ဘာ​ေတြလဲ...

1. (People) read newspapers all over the world. (A)
    (Newspapers) are read all over the world. (P)

2. (The public) welcomed the leader. (A)
     (The leader) was welcomed. (P)

3. (The audience) liked the play very much. (A)
    (The play) was liked very much. (P)

4. Everybody loves Bogyoke Aung San. (A)
    (Bogyoke Aung San) is loved.(P)

5. (Every one) knows Mg Hla. (A)
    (Mg Hla) is known. (P)

6. (One) should keep promise. (A)
    (Promise) should be kept.  (P)

     အခ်ဳပ္​က​ေတာ့ စိတ္​၀င္​စားဖြယ္​မဟုတ္​တဲ့ ကတၱားမ်ိဳး၊ အမ်ားသိထားၿပီးျဖစ္​ႏုိင္​တဲ့ ကတၱားမ်ိဳး​ေတြကုိ Passive Voice မွာ ျပန္​ထည္​့​ေလ့မ႐ွိပါဘူး။
    ဥပမာ...
     There was a loud explosion. All the windows were shattered.
     (အစိတ္​စိတ္​အမႊာမႊာ ကြဲကုန္​တာ က်ယ္​​ေလာင္​တဲ့ ​ေပါက္​ကြဲမႈ​ေၾကာင္​့ဆုိတာ သိထားၿပီးသား)

     This wine has been diluted.
     (​ေရာသူကုိ သိတ္​မ၀င္​စား၊ ​ေရာထားတာကုိသိတယ္​)

     📠 ၀ါက်အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးကုိ Passive သုိ႔​ေျပာင္​းနည္​း 📠

     ၀ါက်အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳး႐ွိပါတယ္​။
၁။ ႐ုိး႐ုိး၀ါက် (Statement)
၂။ အ​ေမး၀ါက် (Interrogative)
၃။ ​ေတာင္​းပန္​၀ါက် (Request)
၄။ အမိန္​႔​ေပး၀ါက် (Order or Command)

၁။ ႐ုိး႐ုိး၀ါက် (Active Voice) အစဥ္​က

(ကတၱား + ႀကိယာ + ကံ + ႀကိယာ၀ိ​ေသသန)

     ဒီ၀ါက်ကုိ Passive ​ေျပာင္​းတဲ့အခါ...

(ကံ + ႀကိယာ Passive + ႀကိယာ၀ိ​ေသသန + by + ကတၱား)

ဥပမာ...

1. The students (copy) notes neatly.(A)
     Notes (are copied) neatly by the students. (P)

2. A hunter (shot) small animals. (A)
    Small animals were shot by a hunter. (P)

3. Mother (is preparing) dinner in the kitchen. (A)
    Dinner (is being prepared) in the kitchen by mother.

4. He (has drawn) a map just now. (A)
    A map (has been drawn) just now. (P)

၂။ အ​ေမး၀ါက် (Active Voice) အစဥ္​က...

(အကူႀကိယာ + ကတၱား + အဓိကႀကိယာ + ကံ + ႀကိယာ၀ိ​ေသသန)

     ဒီ၀ါက်ကုိ Passive ​ေျပာင္​းတဲ့အခါ...

(အကူႀကိယာ+ကံ+အဓိကႀကိယာ(Passive)+ ႀကိယာ၀ိ​ေသန + by + ကတၱား)

ဥပမာ...

1. (Do) the students (copy) notes neatly? (A)
     (Are) notes (copied) neatly by the students? (P)

2. (Did) a hunter (shoot) small animals? (A)
     (Were) small animals (shot) by a hunter? (P)

3. (Is) mother (preparing) dinner in the kitchen? (A)
     (Is) dinner (being prepared) in the kitchen by mother. (P)

4. (Will) the children (fly) kites soon? (A)
    (Will) kites (be flown) soon by the children? (P)

5. (Has) he (drawn) a map just now? (A)
     (Has) a map (been drawn) just now? (P)

     မွတ္​ရန္​...
     အငွါးအကူႀကိယာ Do- Does- Did တလုံးလုံးနဲ႔ အ​ေမးျပဳလုပ္​ထားတုိင္​း ၊ Passive Voice ​ေျပာင္​းတဲ့အခါ သင္​့​ေတာ္​ရာ Verb to be တလုံး သုံးရျမဲျဖစ္​ပါတယ္​။ ဘာ​ေၾကာင္​့လည္​းဆုိ​ေတာ့ အငွါးအကူႀကိယာ
Do- Does - Did ကုိသုံးထားၿပီ ဆုိကတည္​း က မူရင္​းႀကိယာဟာ အကူႀကိယာမပါတဲ့ Simple Present ​ေသာ္​လည္​​ေကာင္​း၊ Simple Past ​ေသာ္​လည္​​ေကာင္​း ျဖစ္​လုိ႔​ေပါ့။  Simple past နဲ႔ Simple Present တုိ႔ရဲ႕ Passive Voice ကုိ​ေရးတဲ့အခါ Verb to be ပဲပါတယ္​မဟုတ္​လား။
     ပုိ႐ွင္​း​ေအာင္​ နမူနာထပ္​​ေပးပါမယ္​။

1. (Does) your brother (play) football every evening? (A)
   (Is) football (played) every evening by your brother? (P)

2. (Do) farmers (grow) paddy? (A)
     (Is) paddy (grown) by farmers? (P)

3. (Did) Mu Mu (like) cakes? (A)
    (Were) cakes (liked) by Mu Mu? (P)

၃။ ​ေတာင္​းပန္​၀ါက် (Active Voice) အစဥ္​က.....

    (Please + ႀကိယာ + ကံ)

   ဒီအစဥ္​ကုိ (Passive Voice) ​ေျပာင္​းရင္​..

   You are requested နဲ႔စရပါတယ္​။
    Active ႀကိယာ​ေ႐ွ႕မွာ to ထည္​့​ေပးပါ။
    Please ကုိျဖဳတ္​။ ဒါပါပဲ။

ဥပမာ...

1. Please shut the door. (A)
    (You are requested to) shut the door. (P)

2. Sit down, please. (A)
   (You are requested to) sit down. (P)

3. Please clean the compound. (A)
    (You are requested to) clean the compound. (P)

4. Please do not beat. (A)
    (You are reqursted not to) beat. (P)

5. Please show me your book. (A)
    (You are requested to) show me your book. (P)

၄။ အမိန္​႔​ေပး၀ါက် (Active Voice) အစဥ္​က...

  (ႀကိယာ + ကံ + ႀကိယာ၀ိ​ေသ)

    ဒီအစဥ္​ကုိ (Passive Voice) ​ေျပာင္​းရင္​
    (Let + ကံ + be + Ed/ En)

1. (Copy) the notes. (A)
     (Let) the notes (be copied). (P)

2. (Shut) the door. (A)
     (Let) the door (be shut). (P)

3. (Beat) the dog. (A)
     (Let) the dog (be beaten). (P)

4. (Bring) your books. (A)
      (Let) your books (be brought). (P)

5. (Don't make) a noise. (A)
     (Let) a noise (be not made). (P)

6. (Don't look at) the book. (A)
     (Let) the book (be not looked at). (P)

      အ​ေျခခံမ်ွသာ​ေဖာ္​ျပ​ေပးထားပါတယ္​....

                    ( ဆက္​ရန္​ )

အဂၤလိပ္​စာကုိ လြယ္​ကူစြာ တတ္​​ေျမာက္​ ႏုိင္​ပါ​ေစ...
                   ဆရာ ဦးမ်ိဳးမင္​း​ေအာင္​